Abstract:
Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі – вибору моделі обігу цивільної зброї в
Україні. Розглянуто важливі питання теперішнього стану правового регулювання окремих
відносин дозвільної системи. Пропонуються основні критерії поділу відповідних моделей та
власне визначення «цивільної зброї». Перелічені головні обставини, що впливають на вибір
конкретної організаційної конструкції обігу зброї в нашій країні. Обґрунтовується
необхідність запровадження в Україні дозвільної моделі обігу цивільної зброї з домінуванням
імперативного методу впливу.
Description:
The article deals
with a topical issue – the choice of a model of civilian weapons in Ukraine. In particular, it has been
noted that the main features of the regulation of relations in the field of civilian weapons in Ukraine is
that this regulation does not have appropriate legislation (it, as in the USSR, regulated by order of the
Ministry of Internal Affairs), is within the permit model, de jure circulation of civilian short-barreled
weapons for self-defense (although the institute of prize weapons de facto provides such an opportunity
for certain categories of citizens), and the fact that the problem of improving the legal framework in this
area is not solved in our country almost since independence, ie since 1991.
It has been noted that the main shortcoming in the preparation of relevant draft laws on weapons
was and remains the lack of a clear design (model) of civilian weapons in their rules. Only after the main
characteristics of this model are clearly defined, one can hope for the systemic, comprehensive, logical
and reasonable nature of the provisions of the law governing the right to civilian weapons.
When choosing this model, one cannot ignore the objective realities that determine the current
state of Ukrainian society and state, namely the «special period» caused by the «hybrid»aggression of our
northeastern neighbor, the general and legal levels of consciousness of our citizens and culture of
treatment of Ukrainians with weapons.
It is proposed to define civilian weapons, in particular, they are firearms and melee weapons
allowed for circulation by the state, which may be owned by individuals or legal entities subject to a
legally (regulatory) permit for hunting, self-defense, sports, collecting, use in artistic and cultural spheres
(cinema, theater, museum business, etc.).
The author has stated that the permitting model with the dominance of imperative methods in the
implementation of control and supervisory functions to ensure the circulation of civilian weapons – this is
the optimal organizational structure, which is currently needed in Ukraine. In time, in 15-20 years,
provided that our country finally embarks on the true path of civilizational development, and the vast
majority of its citizens, the levels of general and legal consciousness will be closer to European standards,
and the culture of weapons will receive unquestionable positive assessments. – only then, in the presence
of a clearly formed public demand, it will be quite possible to reform the domestic licensing model of
civilian weapons with the help of certain liberal elements.
