Abstract:
Висвітлено основні проблеми захисту документів, що посвідчують особу під час перетину державного кордону України. Визначено, що правоохоронні органи все частіше виявляють підроблені документи під час перетину державного кордону. Факти підробки документів пов’язані з підвищенням рівня суспільної небезпеки, оскільки стосуються різних способів вивчення кримінальних правопорушень як в Україні, так і за її межами. Цьому сприяють не тільки економічнополітична нестабільність у державі, а й наявність в обігу паспортних документів старих зразків, у яких ступінь захисту від підробки не надто високого рівня, як у документах нового зразка. Розслідування кримінальних правопорушень, пов’язаних із використанням підроблених паспортних документів, неможливе без знань про засоби їх підробки, порядок огляду та особливості проведення відповідних експертиз.
Description:
The main ways of protection of identity documents when crossing the state border of Ukraine are highlighted. It is determined that law enforcement agencies are increasingly detecting forged documents when crossing the state border. Document forgery is linked to an increase in the level of public danger, as it relates to different ways of investigating criminal offenses in Ukraine and abroad. This is facilitated not only by economic and political instability in the country, but also by the presence in circulation of passport documents of old specimens in which the degree of protection against counterfeiting is not too high, as in the documents of the new specimen. It is impossible to investigate criminal offenses related to the use of fake passport documents without knowledge of the means of their forgery, the procedure of inspection and the peculiarities of conducting the relevant examinations. It should be noted that document forgery is constantly being improved, so law enforcement agencies need to use state-of-the-art technical devices to respond to the challenges of time. Not only insufficient funding from the state, but also inadequate professional training of employees who deal with identification of fake passport documents, the scraps do not have the proper level of use of technologies that enable identification of passport technologies, which complicates the implementation of the latest technologies in the activities of law enforcement agencies. In order to expose criminals falsifying passport documents, one must not only be thoroughly aware of criminal procedural law, but also be able to put it into practice. For detailed examination of passport documents at the border crossing, it is necessary to rely on both legislative acts and departmental instructions, which specifically explain certain aspects of detecting counterfeits. Exposing criminals, who use false documents will, in the future, counteract transnational crime, which poses a great deal of damage both nationally and internationally. In Ukraine, technical support for expert units remains a major problem, which is more outdated, but this does not prevent the main tasks from being fulfilled. It can be concluded that the modern document security instruments, as a whole, perform the function of protecting such documents from fraud, but there is a continuous improvement of security mechanisms through the introduction of the latest technologies and borrowing of international experience to improve the quality of Ukrainian documents. The law enforcement agency of Ukraine needs to modernize its technical means in accordance with the current realities and tasks of expert examination of documents.
