Abstract:
Досліджено проблеми існування документа, що містить державну таємницю, як предмета
кримінальних правопорушень у сфері охорони державної таємниці. Наголошено на відповідних
характерних аспектах цієї проблеми, а саме: базовим розумінням у змісті предмета в цій категорії
кримінальних правопорушеннях є поняття «документ»; інформаційною складовою таких
документів є відомості, що містять державну таємницю; зміст інформації або відомостей, які
закріплюються в документі, прямо пов’язаний із сферою державної таємниці.
Зроблено висновок, що в Кримінальному кодексі Україні є низка кримінально-правових
норм, в яких предметом кримінального правопорушення є документ, що містить у собі державну
таємницю, і вказівка про який робиться або прямо, або опосередковано. The subject of scientific research, implemented within the scope of a
scientific article, are documents containing state secrets, as the subject of criminal offenses in the sphere of
protection of state secrets. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of a document containing a state
secret as a subject of criminal offenses in the field of state secret protection. Achieving the set goal within the
scope of our scientific research is realized through the fulfillment of the corresponding task, namely: through the
analysis of the content of individual criminal law norms, which provide for the establishment of criminal liability
for socially dangerous acts in the sphere of state secret protection.
In the process of scientific research, the vast majority used general scientific methods, namely:
analysis, generalization, systematic approach, and study of documents. This, in turn, made it possible to
formulate the novelty of scientific research, which consists in establishing the content of the concept of a
document containing a state secret and defining it as a subject of criminal offenses in the sphere of
protection of state secrets.
Having studied the essence of the term "document" and its variety "document containing a state
secret", the presence of certain characteristic features is emphasized, namely: the basic understanding in
this terminological set is the concept of "document"; a document containing a state secret is used in the
field of state secret protection.
Having analyzed the content of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, it is emphasized that in the
structure of the law, there are several groups of norms in which a document containing a state secret is
defined as the subject of a criminal offense: the direction of the provision of a document containing a state
secret as the subject of a criminal offense; an indirect indication of the possibility of the existence of the
subject of a criminal offense in the form of a document containing a state secret; the subject means
information (information) classified as a state secret.
It is concluded that in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, there are several criminal law norms in which the
subject of a criminal offense is a document containing a state secret (Articles 114, 114-2, 328, 329, and 422 of
the Criminal Code of Ukraine); in some criminal law regulations, the legislator directly indicates the clarity of a
document containing a state secret, and in some only indirectly; in the case of the legislator's use of the terms
"information", "information" duringthe legislative construction of the subject of a criminal offense, it must always
be borne in mind that any information is a constituent part of the document.
