Abstract:
У статті досліджено конституційну практику нормативного регулювання права на працю,
закріпленого в ст. 43 Конституції України, та відповідних нормах конституцій європейських
держав. Обґрунтована необхідність викладення зазначеної норми у відповідності до вимог
міжнародних документів з прав людини.
Description:
The article examines the constitutional
practice of regulatory regulation of the right to work, enshrined in Art. 43 of the Constitution of Ukraine,
and the corresponding norms of the constitutions of European states. There is a well-founded need to set
out the specified norm in accordance with the requirements of international human rights documents.
Work is a defining phenomenon of the existence of every person and society as a whole,
without which no society existed and cannot exist. Only thanks to the realization of the constitutional
right to work, material goods and spiritual values are created, success is achieved in all branches of the
economy, and further growth of people is ensured. Therefore, the issue of taking into account foreign
experience and adapting national legislation to the requirements of international legal acts, as well as the
problem of improving and further researching the constitutional regulation of the right to work in
Ukraine, is one of the priority tasks of constitutional and legal science.
It is emphasized that the right to work has been enshrined in almost all the constitutions of
European states, except for Sweden, which indicates the impossibility of abandoning its enshrining at the
constitutional level in the conditions of a welfare state.
Comparative legal analysis of the provisions of Art. 43 of the Constitution of Ukraine and the
corresponding norms of the constitutions of European states testified that the investigated provisions have
both common features and certain differences in the ways of expressing this right. In most European
countries, the right to work is enshrined in one article of the constitution; in the constitutions of Albania,
Bulgaria, Georgia, Spain, Moldova, Germany and Romania, this right is reflected in two articles; in the
constitutions of Poland, Montenegro, Portugal and Croatia – in three articles; in the constitutions of
Slovakia and the Czech Republic – in four articles, and in the constitutions of Italy and Turkey – in five
articles.
It should be noted that the norms of the constitutions of some European states regulate this right
in different ways. In particular, in the constitutions of Spain, Italy, Portugal, San Marino, Turkey, and
France, in addition to the right to work, the obligation to work is enshrined in one norm. For example, in
Art. 49 of the Constitution of Turkey states that «everyone has the right and duty to work», and in Part 2
of Art. 4 of the Italian Constitution establishes that «every citizen ... is obliged to carry out activities or
perform functions that contribute to the material or spiritual progress of society».
The right to work has a fundamental nature, and therefore all other labor rights derive from it,
which are defined in international human rights documents as «fair and favorable working conditions»
and as «fair, safe and healthy working conditions».
The provisions of Art. 43 of the Constitution of Ukraine to be laid out in accordance with the
requirements of international documents on human rights.
