Abstract:
Розглянуто феномен прокуратури як професійного середовища в контексті
функціонування державних органів і політичної системи суспільства з урахуванням принципу
політичної нейтральності. Зокрема, наведено вплив ціннісних орієнтацій суспільства та
особистісних характеристик прокурора на професійну діяльність прокуратури. У цьому контексті
прокуратура, будучи наділеною певними державними повноваженнями, зобов’язана гарантувати
права та свободи, належні громадянам як одиничним соціальним суб’єктам і як суб’єктам
суспільних відносин, а також вирішувати порушення цих прав і свобод із дотриманням законності
та верховенства права. Окрему увагу приділено дискусії науковців і практиків щодо місця
прокуратури в системі державних органів.
Description:
The author considers the phenomenon of the prosecutor’s office as a professional
environment in the context of the functioning of state authorities and the political system of society,
taking into account the principle of political neutrality. In particular, it demonstrates the impact of
society’s value orientations and personal characteristics of the prosecutor on the professional activities of
the prosecutor’s office.
In this context, the prosecutor’s office, being endowed with certain state powers, is obliged to
guarantee the rights and freedoms belonging to citizens as individual social subjects and as subjects of
social relations, as well as to resolve violations of these rights and freedoms in compliance with legality
and the rule of law. Special attention is paid to the discussion of scientists and practitioners regarding the
place of the prosecutor’s office in the system of state authorities. The author expresses the opinion that
the prosecutor’s office is neither an executive nor a judicial authority, since its activity is an element of
the system of checks and balances between the branches of government, which are formed and approved
in the state. At the same time, a logically consistent study of the prosecutor’s office as a professional and
functional environment (system) is proposed, which should reflect the objective patterns of functioning
and development of two more systems with which it is closely interconnected – society and the state
mechanism.
The author reproduces the matrix of the relationship of the prosecutor’s office with other
components of the state and society as follows: only in the context of national policy in cooperation with
other state authorities (as part of the state mechanism) can and should the prosecutor’s office function.
After all, this scheme not only indicates the place of the prosecutor’s office in the state and social
mechanism, but also determines the main vector of its functional purpose. Despite synchronizing its
professional activity with the socio-political context of the state’s life, the prosecutor’s office remains
stable and static in defending the state’s interests in court. The prosecutor’s office as a professional
environment is not formally included in the political system of society, but it is of significant political
interest.
