Короткий опис(реферат):
Досліджено, що моральною нормою державного і політичного розвитку була нерозривна єдність громадянина і римського суспільства. Встановлено, що громадська свідомість і громадська воля були спрямовані на формування особистості. Визначено, що індивідуальність і вся складність особистої свідомості ставали громадським актом, що робить людей співгромадянами, однодумцями, здатними до розумного спілкування, протипоставленого хаотичному, додержавному і позадержавному життю. Акцентовано, що у римському світогляді відповідальність за долю суспільства повністю покладалася на особистість. Наголошено, що такий
стан світогляду передбачав самодисципліну і самовиховання окремої особистості і народу загалом, оскільки народ, на думку римлян, є певним організмом, наділеним характером, дисципліною свідомості і дисципліною волі.
Суть розробки, основні результати:
The article focuses on the fact that in order to understand the relationship between the state and the individual, which was decided by Roman law, it is necessary to study the experience of the philosophical and legal heritage of ancient Rome. At the same time, it is necessary to know the essence of law, philosophical and legal immersion in the context of the Roman-ancient worldview, the study of national-historical features and worldviews, values of Roman society. The analysis of this problem establishes that the reception of private law plays an important role in understanding the content and socio-historical role of Roman law. The study emphasizes the need for thorough study and philosophical reflection on this problem also due to the fact that researchers have not paid enough attention to public law. Scientific work shows that the modern image of man-citizens, inspired and, in fact, formed by Roman public law, is indicative of the process of building a conscious attitude to the problems of the state and the problems of legal consciousness. Virtues such as patriotism, devotion to the Fatherland, civic duty, organization, and others were important factors in the formation of the Roman state, which skillfully introduced and combined private interest and the common good. The research studies that the moral norm of state and political development was the inseparable unity of the citizen and Roman society. The work establishes that public consciousness and public will were aimed at developing a personality. The analysis determines that individuality and all the complexity of personal consciousness became a public act, which makes people fellow citizens, like-minded, capable of intelligent communication, as opposed to chaotic, pre-state and extra-state life. The study emphasizes that in the Roman worldview, the responsibility for the fate of society relied entirely on the individual. It stresses that this state of worldview presupposed self-discipline and self-education of the individual and the people in general, because the people, according to the Romans, is a certain organism, endowed with character, discipline of consciousness and discipline of will.
