Abstract:
Дисертацію присвячено комплексному правовому дослідженню питань
соціальної обумовленості криміналізації доведення банку до
неплатоспроможності та складу цього злочину.
Визначено підстави і приводи криміналізації доведення банку до
неплатоспроможності, з’ясовано стан врахування принципів криміналізації при
встановленні кримінальної відповідальності за цей злочин.
З урахуванням здобутків кримінально-правової доктрини, напрацювань
правозастосовної практики і за допомогою звернення до положень
регулятивного законодавства здійснено поглиблений юридичний аналіз
об’єктивних і суб’єктивних ознак складу злочину, передбаченого ст. 218-1 КК15
України.
За результатами проведеного дослідження сформульовано пропозиції
щодо вдосконалення Кримінального кодексу України та практики його
застосування.The thesis is devoted to the complex legal study of issues of social determination of
criminalization of bringing bank to insolvency and the relevant crime set.
The grounds and reasons criminals of bringing bank to insolvency are determined,
the state of consideration of the principles of criminalization in determining criminal
liability for this crime is clarified. In particular, it is found out that the ground for
criminalizing bringing bank to insolvency was the need to stabilize the situation in the
banking system of Ukraine, which had to be achieved by introduction of criminal liability
of persons associated with the bank for the commission of the act in question. It is proved
that, when supplementing the Criminal Code of Ukraine with Art. 218-1, the legislator
mainly took into account only social and socio-psychological principles of criminalization
(in particular, social danger). At the same time, it was found that parliamentarians did not
take into account the fact that such a step violated the majority of both general and
criminal legal principles of criminalization (in particular, criminal-political adequacy,
systemic-legal inconsistency, procedural feasibility of prosecution, absence of gaps in the
law and non-excessiveness of prohibition, proportionality of sanctions and repression
economy). The essence of the indicated violations is shown and the ways of their
elimination are offeredTaking into account achievements of the criminal-law doctrine, the
developments of law enforcement practice and with the help of reference to the
provisions of the regulatory legislation, the advanced legal analyses of objective and
subjective features of the crime, stipulated in Art. 218-1 of the Criminal Code of
Ukraine, is conducted.
In particular, the definition of the main direct object of bringing bank to
insolvency, which should be understood as social relations that ensure implementation
of the rights of creditors of the bank to meet their requirements at the expense of the
bank’s property, as well as state interests which may be violated as a result of the
bank’s recognition as insolvent, is proposed. The erroneousness of the legislator’s
decision on the assignment to the researched new criminal norm of number 218-1 is
stated.
