Особливості реалізації військового обов’язку жінок в Україні

Abstract

Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі – особливостям реалізації військового обов’язку жінок в Україні. Розглянуто законодавчу регламентацію регулювання цих суспільних відносин та звернуто увагу на її нестабільність. Відмічено дещо обмежений обсяг реалізації відповідного обов’язку жінок порівняно з чоловіками. Наголошено на невдалості положень першої редакції наказу Міноборони України № 313 від 11.10.2021. Наведено перелік головних особливостей реалізації військових обов’язків жінок в нинішніх умовах України. This article examines the specifics of women's military service in Ukraine. The author has emphasized that the relevant relations are primarily regulated by the Law of Ukraine "On Military Duty and Military Service" of March 25, 1992 and a number of by-laws, among which an important place belongs to the order of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine No. 131 of October 11, 2021, which defines the list of specialties and/or professions related to the relevant military accounting specialties, after receiving which women are taken on military registration of conscripts. It has been emphasized that over the past year, the largest number of discussions related to women's military service revolved around their registration. This is quite logical, if we take into account that the algorithm for the implementation of the mentioned obligation should begin with the stage of drawing up the mentioned registrations. It has been noted that the first edition of the above-mentioned order was unsuccessful, because it did not meet such basic requirements as justification, comprehensiveness, timeliness, optimality, reality of execution, inadmissibility of negative consequences, possibility of financial support. The author has found that the implementation of women's military duty in the current realities of Ukraine is characterized by features, among which the main ones are: the instability of domestic legislation, the norms of which regulate these relations; the existence of two formats for the implementation of this obligation – optional (alternative) and mandatory (non-alternative), which concerns women with a medical or pharmaceutical profession and training; lack of proper practical experience of implementing the second (no alternative) option in the conditions of a special period (war); the actual slowing down of the mentioned process at its first stage (compilation of records of conscript women) as a result of hasty and ill-prepared decisions by the previous leadership of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine; the presence of an extended list of criteria for putting women on the relevant register – "gender", "by health status", "by marital status", "age", "professional" (the last one needs to be clarified, in terms of the possible presence of work experience of women by profession , also to the specified list should be added such an individual and psychological feature as the readiness to perform the duties of a military serviceman; the incompleteness of the formation of the defense model of our state, the final postwar version of which can significantly affect the future existence of the current formats of the implementation of women's military duty.